Optimal. Leaf size=113 \[ -\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2}+\frac {(2 b c-a d) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{2 a^2 \sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {b c-a d} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {b c-a d}}\right )}{a^2} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.09, antiderivative size = 113, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 7, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.208, Rules used = {457, 101, 162,
65, 214} \begin {gather*} \frac {(2 b c-a d) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{2 a^2 \sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {b c-a d} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {b c-a d}}\right )}{a^2}-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 65
Rule 101
Rule 162
Rule 214
Rule 457
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{x^3 \left (a+b x^2\right )} \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {c+d x}}{x^2 (a+b x)} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {1}{2} (-2 b c+a d)-\frac {b d x}{2}}{x (a+b x) \sqrt {c+d x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2}+\frac {(b (b c-a d)) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{(a+b x) \sqrt {c+d x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 a^2}-\frac {(2 b c-a d) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {c+d x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 a^2}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2}+\frac {(b (b c-a d)) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a-\frac {b c}{d}+\frac {b x^2}{d}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {c+d x^2}\right )}{a^2 d}-\frac {(2 b c-a d) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-\frac {c}{d}+\frac {x^2}{d}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {c+d x^2}\right )}{2 a^2 d}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 a x^2}+\frac {(2 b c-a d) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{2 a^2 \sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {b c-a d} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {b c-a d}}\right )}{a^2}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.28, size = 107, normalized size = 0.95 \begin {gather*} \frac {-\frac {a \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{x^2}-2 \sqrt {b} \sqrt {-b c+a d} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {-b c+a d}}\right )+\frac {(2 b c-a d) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c+d x^2}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{\sqrt {c}}}{2 a^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(758\) vs.
\(2(91)=182\).
time = 0.12, size = 759, normalized size = 6.72
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{2 a \,x^{2}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right ) d}{2 a \sqrt {c}}+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right ) b}{a^{2}}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right ) d}{2 a \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right ) b c}{2 a^{2} \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}+\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right ) d}{2 a \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right ) b c}{2 a^{2} \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\) | \(684\) |
default | \(\frac {b \left (\sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}+\frac {\sqrt {d}\, \sqrt {-a b}\, \ln \left (\frac {\frac {d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}+d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\sqrt {d}}+\sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\right )}{b}+\frac {\left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 a^{2}}+\frac {b \left (\sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}-\frac {\sqrt {d}\, \sqrt {-a b}\, \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}+d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\sqrt {d}}+\sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\right )}{b}+\frac {\left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 a^{2}}+\frac {-\frac {\left (d \,x^{2}+c \right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}{2 c \,x^{2}}+\frac {d \left (\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}-\sqrt {c}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right )\right )}{2 c}}{a}-\frac {b \left (\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}-\sqrt {c}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 c +2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{x}\right )\right )}{a^{2}}\) | \(759\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 2.39, size = 708, normalized size = 6.27 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {\sqrt {b^{2} c - a b d} c x^{2} \log \left (\frac {b^{2} d^{2} x^{4} + 8 \, b^{2} c^{2} - 8 \, a b c d + a^{2} d^{2} + 2 \, {\left (4 \, b^{2} c d - 3 \, a b d^{2}\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left (b d x^{2} + 2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} c - a b d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}}\right ) - {\left (2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {c} x^{2} \log \left (-\frac {d x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} \sqrt {c} + 2 \, c}{x^{2}}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} a c}{4 \, a^{2} c x^{2}}, -\frac {2 \, {\left (2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {-c} x^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-c}}{\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}\right ) - \sqrt {b^{2} c - a b d} c x^{2} \log \left (\frac {b^{2} d^{2} x^{4} + 8 \, b^{2} c^{2} - 8 \, a b c d + a^{2} d^{2} + 2 \, {\left (4 \, b^{2} c d - 3 \, a b d^{2}\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left (b d x^{2} + 2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} c - a b d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} a c}{4 \, a^{2} c x^{2}}, -\frac {2 \, \sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d} c x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (b d x^{2} + 2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left (b^{2} c^{2} - a b c d + {\left (b^{2} c d - a b d^{2}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}\right ) + {\left (2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {c} x^{2} \log \left (-\frac {d x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} \sqrt {c} + 2 \, c}{x^{2}}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} a c}{4 \, a^{2} c x^{2}}, -\frac {\sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d} c x^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (b d x^{2} + 2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left (b^{2} c^{2} - a b c d + {\left (b^{2} c d - a b d^{2}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}\right ) + {\left (2 \, b c - a d\right )} \sqrt {-c} x^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-c}}{\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}\right ) + \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} a c}{2 \, a^{2} c x^{2}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {c + d x^{2}}}{x^{3} \left (a + b x^{2}\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 1.38, size = 106, normalized size = 0.94 \begin {gather*} \frac {{\left (b^{2} c - a b d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {d x^{2} + c} b}{\sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d}}\right )}{\sqrt {-b^{2} c + a b d} a^{2}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, b c - a d\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{\sqrt {-c}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {-c}} - \frac {\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, a x^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.54, size = 268, normalized size = 2.37 \begin {gather*} \frac {\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {b^3\,d^4\,\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}\,\sqrt {b^2\,c-a\,b\,d}}{2\,\left (\frac {a\,b^3\,d^5}{2}-\frac {b^4\,c\,d^4}{2}\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {b^2\,c-a\,b\,d}}{a^2}-\frac {\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}}{2\,a\,x^2}-\frac {\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {b^4\,\sqrt {c}\,d^4\,\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}}{2\,\left (\frac {b^4\,c\,d^4}{2}-\frac {3\,a\,b^3\,d^5}{4}+\frac {a^2\,b^2\,d^6}{4\,c}\right )}-\frac {3\,b^3\,d^5\,\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}}{4\,\sqrt {c}\,\left (\frac {a\,b^2\,d^6}{4\,c}-\frac {3\,b^3\,d^5}{4}+\frac {b^4\,c\,d^4}{2\,a}\right )}+\frac {b^2\,d^6\,\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}}{4\,c^{3/2}\,\left (\frac {b^2\,d^6}{4\,c}-\frac {3\,b^3\,d^5}{4\,a}+\frac {b^4\,c\,d^4}{2\,a^2}\right )}\right )\,\left (a\,d-2\,b\,c\right )}{2\,a^2\,\sqrt {c}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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